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1937–38 Kangaroo tour

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1937–38 Kangaroo tour
ManagerHarry Sunderland
Robert Savage
Tour captain(s)Wally Prigg
Top point scorer(s)Jack Beaton 116
Top try scorer(s)Wally Prigg 13
Jack Reardon 13
Top test point scorer(s)Jack Beaton 21
Top test try scorer(s)Len Dawson 3
Doug McLean Jr. 3
Andy Norval 3
Summary
P W D L
Total
38 23 01 14
Test match
07 04 00 03
Opponent
P W D L
 New Zealand
2 1 0 1
 England
3 1 0 2
 France
2 2 0 0
Tour chronology
Previous tour1933-34
Next tour1948-49

The 1937–38 Kangaroo tour was the sixth Kangaroo tour, in which the Australian national rugby league team travelled to New Zealand, Great Britain and France and played thirty-eight matches, including the Ashes series of three Test matches against Great Britain, and two Test matches each against the Kiwis and French. It followed the tour of 1933-34. Following a cessation of overseas international tours due to World War II, the next tour was staged in 1948-49.

The squad's leadership

[edit]

The team was selected with Wally Prigg as captain and Jack Reardon as vice-captain. Tour co-managers were Harry Sunderland and Robert Savage.

Touring squad

[edit]

The Rugby League News published headshots of the touring party, including the managers, in successive issues: July 3, July 10, and July 17. The names, weight and height of the players was also published.[1] Collins, Gilbert, Heidke, McLean, Reardon, Robison, and Whittle were selected from Queensland clubs. Dawson, Gibbs, Hazelton, Prigg and Bert Williams were selected from clubs in New South Wales Country areas. The balance of the squad had played for Sydney-based clubs during the 1937 season.

Notes:

  • Tallies in the table below are compiled from match reports that appeared in Australian newspapers. Most articles were provided by the Australian Associated Press and were amended by local editors. Claude Corbett was present for the England leg of the tour, reporting for The Sun, Sydney and the Telegraph, Brisbane. Tour Manager Harry Sunderland provided articles for The Courier-Mail, Brisbane.
  • For nearly all matches, one or more newspapers listed the Australian team with the match report. An exception is the match against Catalans. The point-scorers in the Catalans match include two players who were not named in the team prior to the match. Consequently, 15 players are included in the tallies for the Catalans match.
  • Under the rules of the time, teams were limited to 13 players, with no ability to replace injured players.
  • Following a broken leg injury to Joe Pearce, sustained during the Second Test match in New Zealand, Herb Narvo was added to the squad. Narvo travelled to England separately from the touring party. Joe Pearce was permitted to continue with the group, and he travelled with the team to England and France.


Player Position Age Weight Club Tests
on
Tour
Games Tries Goals FG Points
Jack Beaton Wing, Centre 24 12.7 (79) Eastern Suburbs 7 27 6 49 0 116
Edward Collins Lock, Second-row 26 13.3 (84) North Brisbane 0 7 8 0 0 24
Frank Curran Prop 27 14.12 (94) South Sydney 4 17 4 0 0 12
Len Dawson Wing 22 11.12 (75) Newcastle Eastern Suburbs 5 24 11 0 0 33
Percy Fairall Hooker 28 11.3 (71) St George 0 14 1 1 0 5
Jim Gibbs Prop, Second-row 28 14.0 (89) South Newcastle 4 17 2 0 0 6
Fred Gilbert Halfback 26 11.7 (73) Toowoomba Valleys 3 16 5 4 0 23
Frank Griffiths Prop 26 14.6 (92) Balmain 0 11 2 0 0 6
Charlie Hazelton Wing 19 12.6 (79) Port Kembla 1 14 9 0 0 27
Les Heidke Prop 29 15.0 (95) Ipswich Rialto 4 22 1 0 0 3
Eric Lewis Second-row 28 13.4 (84) South Sydney 7 19 3 0 0 9
Ross McKinnon Centre 23 13.8 (86) Eastern Suburbs 6 29 10 10 0 50
Doug McLean Jr. Wing 25 12.2 (77) Ipswich Starlights 2 8 3 0 0 9
Gordon McLennan Second-row 23 13.9 (87) Newtown 0 16 1 0 0 3
Herb Narvo Second-row 25 . (0) Newtown 4 22 10 0 0 30
Fred Nolan Prop, Hooker 24 12.7 (79) North Sydney 2 9 1 0 0 3
Ernie Norman Five-eighth 25 11.3 (71) Eastern Suburbs 4 24 5 0 0 15
Andy Norval Lock 25 13.3 (84) Eastern Suburbs 3 16 9 0 0 27
Joe Pearce Second-row 26 15.7 (98) Eastern Suburbs 2 2 0 0 0 0
Harry Pierce Hooker 25 13.10 (87) Eastern Suburbs 5 18 7 0 0 21
Wally Prigg Lock 29 13.5 (85) Central Newcastle 7 29 13 0 0 39
Jack Reardon Five-eighth, Centre 22 12.4 (78) North Brisbane 4 26 13 2 0 43
Harry Robison Wing 25 12.0 (76) Toowoomba Newtown 0 13 2 0 0 6
Ray Stehr Prop, Hooker 25 14.4 (91) Eastern Suburbs 3 18 3 0 0 9
Roy Thompson Five-eighth, Halfback 21 10.8 (67) North Sydney 0 8 1 2 0 7
Laurie Ward Fullback 26 12.7 (79) North Sydney 7 27 2 0 0 6
Gordon Whittle Fullback 25 10.6 (66) Toowoomba Newtown 0 12 1 0 0 3
Bert Williams Wing, Centre 23 13.2 (83) Bombala 3 15 5 0 0 15
Percy Williams Halfback 27 9.12 (63) South Sydney 4 16 2 18 0 42

Nez Zealand leg

[edit]

1st Test

[edit]
August 7
New Zealand  8–12  Australia
Tries: 2
Noel Bickerton
Cec Davison
Goals: 1
Cec Davison
[2]
[3]
[4]
Tries: 4
Charlie Hazelton (2)
Doug McLean Jr.
Ray Stehr
Goals: nil
Carlaw Park, Auckland
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Morris Wetherill

August 11 New Zealand Māori 16–5 Australia Auckland
Tries: 5
R Brodrick (2)
Goals: 2
George Nēpia (4)
Jack Hemi
[5]
[6]
[7]
Tries: 1
Frank Curran
Goals: 1
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 11,000
Referee: P. Rogers

2nd Test

[edit]
August 14
New Zealand  16–15  Australia
Tries: 4
Cec Davison (2)
Noel Bickerton
Jack Satherley
Goals: 2
George Nēpia (2)
[8]
[9]
[10]
Tries: 3
Doug McLean Jr. (2)
Fred Nolan
Goals: 3
Percy Williams (2)
Jack Beaton
Carlaw Park, Auckland
Attendance: 25,000
Referee: Morris Wetherill

England leg

[edit]

Matches scheduled in December 1937 against Castleford, Cumberland, Hull Kingston Rovers and Hunslet were abandoned or cancelled due to snow or fog.

September 18 Leigh 9–11 Australia Leigh
Tries: 1
Lomas
Goals: 3
Thompson (2)
Lomas
[11]
[12]
Tries: 3
Ernie Norman
Ross McKinnon
Charlie Hazelton
Goals: 1
Percy Williams

Attendance: 5,000
Gate: £ 310
Referee: Albert Harding

September 22 York 6–15 Australia York
6:00pm
Tries: nil
Goals: 3
Taylor (2)
Milner
[13]
[14]
Tries: 3
Andy Norval
Edward Collins
Jack Reardon
Goals: 3
Fred Gilbert (2)
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 5,000
Gate: £ 303
Referee: Peel

September 25 Newcastle 0–37 Australia Newcastle
Tries: nil
Goals: nil
[15]
[16]
Tries: 9
Len Dawson (4)
Bert Williams (3)
Wally Prigg
Roy Thompson
Goals: 5
Ross McKinnon (4)
Roy Thompson

Attendance: 4,000
Gate: £ 212

September 29 Lancashire Lancashire 7–5 Australia Warrington
Tries: 1
Croston
Goals: 2
Belshaw (2)
[17]
[18]
[19]
Tries: 1
Ross McKinnon
Goals: 1
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 16,250
Gate: £ 1,462
Referee: Devine

October 2 Halifax 12–2 Australia Halifax
Tries: 2
Charlie Smith
Treen
Goals: 2
Lockwood (2)
Field Goals: 1
Elias
[20]
Tries: nil
Goals: 1
Fred Gilbert

Attendance: 14,500
Gate: £ 914
Referee: Holbrook

October 6 Yorkshire Yorkshire 4–8 Australia Odsal Stadium, Bradford
Tries: nil
Goals: 2
Lockwood (2)
[21]
[22]
[23]
Tries: 2
Eric Lewis
Harry Robison
Goals: 1
Percy Williams

Attendance: 7,570
Gate: £ 631

October 9 Wakefield Trinity 10–17 Australia Wakefield
Tries: 2
Whitworth
Watson
Goals: 2
Teall (2)
[24]
[25]
[26]
Tries: 3
Jack Beaton
Andy Norval
Jack Reardon
Goals: 4
Jack Beaton (4)

Attendance: 8,696
Gate: £ 654

October 13 Rochdale Hornets 0–6 Australia Rochdale
Tries: nil
Goals: nil
[27]
[28]
[29]
Tries: 2
Jack Beaton
Harry Pierce
Goals: nil

Attendance: 2,400
Gate: £ 186

1st Test

[edit]
October 16
England  5–4  Australia
Tries: 1
Emlyn Jenkins
Goals: 1
Martin Hodgson
[30]
[31]
[32]
Tries: nil

Goals: 2
Jack Beaton (2)
Headingley, Leeds
Attendance: 31,949
Gate: £ 3,982
Referee: Albert Harding

October 21 Widnes 13–13 Australia Widnes
Tries: 3
Higgins
Roberts
Barber
Goals: 2
Topping (2)
[33]
[34]
Tries: 3
Andy Norval
Gordon McLennan
Len Dawson
Goals: 2
Jack Beaton (2)

Attendance: 4,201
Gate: £ 320

October 23 Hull 12–22 Australia Hull
Tries: 2
Wilson
G. Barlow
Goals: 3
Oliver (3)
[35]
[36]
Tries: 4
Jack Reardon (2)
Percy Williams
Harry Pierce
Goals: 5
Jack Beaton (5)

Attendance: 15,000
Gate: £ 740
Referee: Phillips

October 27 Bradford Northern 6–19 Australia Bradford
Tries: nil
Goals: 3
Pollard (3)
[37]
[38]
Tries: 5
Wally Prigg (2)
Herb Narvo
Fred Gilbert
Jack Reardon
Goals: 2
Ross McKinnon (2)

Attendance: 5,748
Gate: £ 500

October 30 Salford 11–8 Australia Salford
Tries: 3
Feetham
Penalty Try
Edwards
Goals: 1
Risman
[39]
[40]
[41]
Tries: 2
Wally Prigg
Fred Gilbert
Goals: 1
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 12,000
Gate: £ 1,038

November 3 Wigan 23–25 Australia Wigan
Tries: 5
Davies (3)
Morley (2)
Goals: 4
Sullivan (4)
[42]
[43]
Tries: 7
Andy Norval (2)
Wally Prigg (2)
Harry Pierce
Ernie Norman
Les Heidke
Goals: 2
Percy Williams
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 9,800
Gate: £ 694

November 6 Oldham 6–10 Australia Oldham
Tries: nil
Goals: 3
Ashworth (3)
[44]
[45]
[46]
Tries: 2
Ross McKinnon
Herb Narvo
Goals: 2
Jack Beaton
Percy Williams

Attendance: 15,000
Gate: £ 1,014

2nd Test

[edit]
November 13
England  13–3  Australia
Tries: 3
Alan Edwards (2)
Barney Hudson
Goals: 2
Gus Risman (2)
[47]
[48]
[49]
Tries: 1
Len Dawson
Goals: nil
Manchester
Attendance: 31,724
Gate: £ 3,815
Referee: Albert Harding

November 17 Liverpool 9–28 Australia Liverpool
Tries: 1
Glover
Goals: 3
Nolan (3)
[50]
Tries: 6
Charlie Hazelton (2)
Herb Narvo
Wally Prigg
Laurie Ward
Ernie Norman
Goals: 5
Jack Beaton (5)

Attendance: 1,500
Gate: £ 120

November 20 Huddersfield 17–7 Australia Huddersfield
Tries: 3
Pepperell
Shaw
Madden
Goals: 3
Fiddes (3)
Field Goals: 1
Aspinall
[51]
[52]
[53]
Tries: 1
Wally Prigg
Goals: 2
Percy Williams (2)

Attendance: 9,383
Gate: £ 748

November 24 Swinton 5–3 Australia Manchester
Tries: 1
Butters
Goals: 1
Hodgson
[54]
[55]
[56]
Tries: 1
Frank Curran
Goals: nil

Attendance: 4,113
Gate: £ 308

November 27 Warrington 8–6 Australia Warrington
Tries: 2
Davies
Ceuto
Goals: 1
Shankland
[57]
[58]
[59]
Tries: 2
Ross McKinnon
Jack Reardon
Goals: nil

Attendance: 12,637
Gate: £ 1,021
Referee: Hughes

December 1 Leeds 21–8 Australia Leeds
Tries: 5
Harris (2)
Jenkins
Smith
Brogden
Goals: 3
Evans (3)
[60]
[61]
Tries: 2
Harry Robison
Herb Narvo
Goals: 1
Fred Gilbert

Attendance: 5,000

December 2 St Helens Combined XIII 7–15 Australia St Helens
Tries: 1
Bradbury
Goals: 2
Powell (2)
[62]
[63]
Tries: 3
Eric Lewis
Jack Beaton
Bert Williams
Goals: 3
Jack Beaton (2)
Roy Thompson

Attendance: 2,000
Gate: £ 110

December 4 Barrow 12–8 Australia Barrow-In-Furness
Tries: 2
Thornburrow
Skelly
Goals: 3
French (3)
[64]
[65]
Tries: 2
Frank Curran (2)
Goals: 1
Jack Beaton

Attendance: 8,153
Gate: £ 611

3rd Test

[edit]
December 18
England  3–13  Australia
Tries: 1
Barney Hudson
Goals: nil
[66]
[67]
[68]
Tries: 3
Andy Norval
Jack Reardon
Herb Narvo
Goals: 2
Jack Reardon (2)
Huddersfield
Attendance: 9,403
Gate: £ 1,237
Referee: Albert Harding

December 25 Broughton Rangers 13–0 Australia Manchester
Tries: 1
Smith
Goals: 5
Howells (4)
Mills
[69]
[70]
Tries: nil
Goals: nil

Attendance: 3,000
Gate: £ 200

France leg

[edit]

Four years previously, the Kangaroos had travelled to France to play an international against England, in Paris, on New Year's Eve, 1933. On this tour, Australia played rugby league matches against French teams for the first time. France had played their first international against England in April 1934. Matches involving France against England and Wales had followed in the 1934–35, 1935–36 and 1936–37 European Championships. The 1st Test against Australia was France's 8th Test Match.

1st Test

[edit]
January 1
France  6–35  Australia
Tries: 2
Andre Cussac
Henri Durand
Goals: nil
[71]
[72]
Tries: 9
Fred Gilbert (2)
Len Dawson (2)
Herb Narvo
Jack Beaton
Andy Norval
Wally Prigg
Jack Reardon
Goals: 4
Jack Beaton (4)
Stade Buffalo, Paris
Attendance: 11,500
Referee: Albert Dobson

January 2 Roanne 13–20 Australia Roanne
Tries:
Max Rousié
Goals:
[73]
[74]
Tries: 6
Jack Reardon (2)
Wally Prigg
Charlie Hazelton
Ernie Norman
Edward Collins
Goals: 1
Percy Williams

Attendance:
Gate: £ 930

January 9 South West France 11–12 Australia Bordeaux
Tries: 3
Puchulu
Sarez
Bot
Goals: 1
[75]
Tries: 2
Fred Gilbert
Len Dawson
Goals: 3
Jack Beaton (3)

Attendance: 10,000
Gate: £ 700
Referee: Albert Dobson

January 10 Albi 3–47 Australia Albi
Tries: 1
Solenc
Goals: nil
[76]
Tries: 13
Herb Narvo (4)
Edward Collins (3)
Ross McKinnon (2)
Jim Gibbs
Charlie Hazelton
Frank Griffiths
Bert Williams
Goals: 4
Percy Williams (3)
Percy Fairall

January 15 Catalan 2–53 Australia Perpignan
Tries: nil
Goals: nil
Field Goals: 1
Bosc
[77]
[78]
Tries: 11
Edward Collins (3)
Wally Prigg (2)
Jack Beaton
Ray Stehr
Gordon Whittle
Percy Williams
Charlie Hazelton
Ross McKinnon
Goals: 10
Jack Beaton (10)

Attendance: 8,000

2nd Test

[edit]
January 16
France  11–16  Australia
Tries: 3
Joseph Griffard
Henri Sanz
Andre Cussac
Goals: 1
Max Rousié
[79]
[80]
[81]
Tries: 4
Andy Norval
Ross McKinnon
Harry Pierce
Wally Prigg
Goals: 2
Jack Beaton (2)
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Attendance: 23,100
Gate: £ 1,260

January 22 Cote Basque 8–33 Australia Bayonne
Tries: nil
Goals: 4
Max Rousié (4)
[82]
[83]
[84]
Tries: 7
Len Dawson (2)
Frank Griffiths
Jim Gibbs
Charlie Hazelton
Ray Stehr
Laurie Ward
Goals: 6
Percy Williams (6)

Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Peel

January 23 South France 15–0 Australia Toulouse
Tries: 3
Bruneteau (2)
Cougnes
Goals: 3
Guiral 3
[85]
[86]
Tries: nil
Goals: nil

Attendance: 15,000
Referee: Peel

January 29 Villeneuve 3–26 Australia Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Tries: 1
Cargo
Goals: nil
[87]
Tries: 6
Harry Pierce (3)
Ross McKinnon (2)
Jack Reardon
Goals: 4
Ross McKinnon (4)

Attendance: 18,000
Referee: Peel

January 30 South East France 8–25 Australia Lyon
Tries:

Goals:
[88]
Tries: 7
Jack Reardon (2)
Eric Lewis
Andy Norval
Jack Beaton
Percy Fairall
Ernie Norman
Goals: 2
Jack Beaton (2)

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "New Zealand vs Australia 1937 Series - Game 1 - Rugby League Project". Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  3. ^ "Australian Team in New Zealand - Win Under Adverse Conditions". The Rugby League News. 18 (20). Sydney: N.S.W. Rugby Football League. 14 August 1937. nla.obj-654491604. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022 – via Trove.
  4. ^ "Kangaroos' Team Work Triumphed". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 9 Aug 1937. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022.
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  8. ^ "New Zealand vs Australia 1937 Series - Game 2 - Rugby League Project". Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  9. ^ New South Wales Rugby Football League. (21 August 1937). "Australia Beaten In New Zealand - Thrilling Match". The Rugby League News. 18 (21). Sydney: N.S.W. Rugby Football League. nla.obj-654501583. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022 – via Trove.
  10. ^ Sunderland, Harry (15 Aug 1937). "New Zealand Reveals Rugby Prowess In Double Test Victory". Sunday Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 22. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022.
  11. ^ "First Win To Kangaroos - McLean's Three Injuries - Too Good for Leigh". The Sun (Sydney). Sydney: National Library of Australia. 19 Sep 1937. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022.
  12. ^ "Leigh Defeated - Kangaroos' First Game". Cairns Post. Cairns: National Library of Australia. 20 Sep 1937. p. 7. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022.
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  14. ^ "Reardon's Brilliancy Troubled York". The Northern Star. Lismore: National Library of Australia. 24 Sep 1937. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022.
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  17. ^ "How Lancashire Beat The Kangaroos". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 30 Sep 1937. p. 43. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
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  19. ^ "Australia Beaten 7-5 By Lancashire". The Northern Star. Lismore: National Library of Australia. 1 Oct 1937. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
  20. ^ Corbett, Claude (4 Oct 1937). "Slipped Farther In Public Estimation - Kangaroos Beaten 12-2 by Halifax". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 18. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
  21. ^ Corbett, Claude (7 Oct 1937). "Did Better Than In Any Previous Match - Kangaroos Successful Over Yorkshire, 8-4". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
  22. ^ "Kangaroos Win - Yorkshire Beaten 8-4". The Northern Star. Lismore: National Library of Australia. 8 Oct 1937. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
  23. ^ "Kangaroos - Beat Yorkshire". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 8 Oct 1937. p. 15. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 11 Feb 2022.
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  28. ^ "The Kangaroos - Rochdale Defeated". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 14 Oct 1937. p. 15. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 13 Feb 2022.
  29. ^ "Six Points to Nil - Kangaroos' Margin at Rochdale". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 15 Oct 1937. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 13 Feb 2022.
  30. ^ "Ashes Series 1937 Series - Game 1 - Rugby League Project". Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  31. ^ Corbett, Claude (18 Oct 1937). "Undoubtedly The Better Side Was Beaten In First R.L. Test". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 22. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  32. ^ "Kangaroos Beaten 5-4 In First Test". The Northern Star. Lismore: National Library of Australia. 18 Oct 1937. p. 7. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  33. ^ Corbett, Claude (22 Oct 1937). "Kangaroos Lucky to Draw With Widnes". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 19. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  34. ^ "Kangaroos Staged Desperate Finish To Avert Defeat At Widnes". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 23 Oct 1937. p. 11. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  35. ^ Corbett, Claude (25 Oct 1937). "The Kangaroos - Dashing Victory Over Hull, 22-12". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  36. ^ "Kangaroos Beat Hull - Beaton's Brilliant Goal Kicking". The Northern Star. Lismore: National Library of Australia. 25 Oct 1937. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  37. ^ Corbett, Claude (28 Oct 1937). "Grand Passing and Superlative Tries". Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 23. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
  38. ^ Sunderland, Harry (29 Oct 1937). "Wet Ball Troubles Kangaroos - Gilbert Misses Easy Goal". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. p. 16. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 14 Feb 2022.
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